UNDRR Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction calls on governments to take urgent action

AMMAN —  The world faces new, emerging and much larger threats than ever before, linked to climate change, environmental degradation and the growing potential for one disaster to produce or exacerbate another, says a new report from the United Nations.

The Global Assessment Report 2019 published by the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction at the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, outlines major risks to human life and material property, ranging from air pollution and biological hazards, through to earthquakes, drought and climate change.

 “Extreme changes in planetary and socio-ecological systems are happening now; we no longer have the luxury of procrastination. If we continue living in this way, engaging with each other and the planet in the way we do, then our very survival is in doubt,” said Special Representative of the Secretary General (SRSG) for Disaster Risk Reduction Mami Mizutori.

Unsustainable patterns of growth

The report warns that unsustainable patterns of economic activity hide the build-up of systemic risks across sectors citing for example, dangerous overdependence on single crops in an age of accelerating global warming.

 “We witness severe inequalities of burden sharing between low and high income countries, with the poorest bearing the highest toll and greatest costs of disasters. Human losses and asset losses relative to GDP tend to be higher in the countries with the least capacity to prepare, finance and respond to disasters and climate change, such as in small island developing states,” the report argues.

There is growing potential for one disaster to produce or exacerbate another as happens often in the case of heavy rains which trigger landslides and mudslides following wildfires or periods of long drought, says the new report launched at the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction.

SDGs

If governments do not adopt appropriate strategies to manage risk, then these threats could slow or even reverse progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), notably eradicating poverty and hunger, and action on climate change.

“The human race has never before faced such large and complex threats. The doubling of extreme weather events over the last twenty years is further evidence that we need a new approach to managing disaster risk if we are to limit disaster losses. Economic losses are making it an uphill battle to hold on to development gains in low and middle income countries,” said SRSG Mizutori.

 “At the same time, the resilience gap between rich and poor is made worse by poorly-planned urbanisation, environmental degradation and population growth in disaster exposed areas which add to a complex cocktail of risk which drives internal displacement and migration in search of a better life.”

Adopting the Sendai framework

The report urges governments to put the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction into action, shifting focus from disaster management to reducing risk.

Adopted by UN member states in 2015, the Sendai Framework aims to reduce the impact of disasters in terms of mortality, numbers of people affected, and economic loss. It requires governments to understand disaster risk, strengthen disaster risk governance, invest in resilience, and enhance disaster preparedness. According to the last Global Assessment Report in 2015, annual global investments of $6 billion in appropriate disaster risk reduction strategies would generate total benefits of $360 billion each year.

 “We must recognise that an international development financing system that allocates approximately 20 times the funding to emergency response, reconstruction, relief and rehabilitation activities rather than prevention and preparedness, acts counter to sustainability principles,” SRSG Mizutori added.

Complex interactions

The complexity of our global economy and the interactions between human and natural systems means that one disaster can quickly provoke another. Population growth and rising consumption are set to put more pressure on the world’s ecosystems than ever before. Drought is likely to emerge as a complex risk due to its wide-ranging, slow building, and cascading impacts.

Drought can affect agriculture, water supply, energy production, transport, tourism, health, biodiversity and ecosystems.  A special report on drought will be published in 2020.